廢棄電器及電子產品（俗稱電子垃圾）日益成為困擾人類發展的一大公共難題。一方面，電子垃圾中含有大量對人體和環境有害物質，如果回收處理不當將對健康、安全構成嚴重威脅，甚至導致難以修復的生態災難。另一方面，又是一種潛在價值高的特殊固體廢物，對其進行再生利用，是節約資源、保護環境的雙贏之舉，但實踐中卻受到投入、技術、政策等因素的制約。近年來，隨著電器及電子產品更新換代及報廢高峰的出現，國內電子垃圾不但呈現出量大面廣的分布特點，而且治理形勢異常嚴峻。
Waste electric equipments and electronic products (as so called e-waste) has been a public difficulty that obsesses human development nowadays. On the one hand, e-waste contains a lot of harmful substances to human body and the environment, which, if disposed improperly, may seriously threat human health and safety, or even cause unrecoverable ecological disaster. On the other hand, e-waste is special solid waste with high potential value. Its regeneration is a win-win manner for both resource economization and environment protection. But this is restricted by investment, technology and policies. In recent year, as the development of update and scrap of electronic products, e-waste domestically is not only widespread but also difficult in control.
公共問題的復雜性往往超出政府或市場獨立解決的能力，“新治理”范式主張通過政府工具的應用組合來解決新時期的公共問題。本論文從電子垃圾治理的政府責任角度出發，以杭州市為例，對杭州市電子垃圾回收處理現狀與問題作出梳理，在考察和比較發達國家電子垃圾治理政府對策基礎上，運用公共治理、政府工具、政府規制等公共管理理論，采取實地調研的方法，結合我國具體情況，重點研究探討電子垃圾治理的政府工具選擇及應用，并提出構建“三定結合、多元回收、集中處理、長效管理”杭州市電子垃圾回收體系的初步設想，以期為我國電子垃圾治理、地方政府決策提供一些有價值的研究成果。
The complexity of public issues is always out of capacity of independent resolution of government or the market. Normal form of “new control” is taking use of application and combination of government tools to solve public issues in new age. This thesis, embarking from the government responsibility angle, is carding the recovery processing status and issues of e-waste in Hangzhou city. Based on the investigation and comparation of government measures for e-waste in developed countries, this thesis is emphasizes on selection and application of government tools for e-waste control by use of public management theories such as public management, government tools and government regulations, as well as on-site investigation manner, combining with ?the internal special situation, and put forward a preliminary imagine of e-waste recovery system of “fixed quota system, multi-variant recovery, centralized disposition and long-acting management”, in hope of providing some valuable study results for e-waste control and local government decision in China.
|
